.
The Prefect in charge of the praetors each year handed over to the
Emperor more than thirty centenaries in addition to the public taxes;
this tribute was called the sky tax, to show, I suppose, that it was not
a regular duty or assessment, but as it were fell into his hands by
chance out of the sky: it should have been called the villainy tax, for
in its name the magistrates robbed their subjects worse than ever, on
the ground they had to hand it over to the autocrat, while they
themselves acquired a king's fortune in no time. For this Justinian left
them unpunished, awaiting the time when they should have gained immense
riches; as soon as this happened, he brought some charge against them
for which there was no defense, and confiscated their entire property
all at once, as he had done to John of Cappadocia.
Everyone appointed to office during this period of course became
immensely wealthy at once, with two exceptions: Phocas, whom I have
mentioned elsewhere as an utterly honest man, who remained uncorrupted
by gain during his office; and Bassus, who was appointed later. Neither
of these gentlemen held their office for a year, but were removed after a
few months as useless and unsuited to the times. But if I went into all
the details, this book would never end: suffice it to say that all the
rest of the magistrates in Constantinople were equally guilty.
Also everywhere else in the Roman Empire Justinian did the same. Picking
out the worst scoundrels he could find, he sold them the offices they
were to corrupt, for large sums of money. Indeed, an honest man or one
with any sense at all, would never think of throwing away his own money
on the chance of getting it back by robbing the innocent. When Justinian
had collected this money from such bargainers, he gave them complete
power over their subjects, by which, pillaging the country and the
inhabitants, they were to become rich. And since they had borrowed money
at heavy interest to pay the Emperor for their magistracies, as soon as
they arrived in the cities of their jurisdiction, they treated their
subjects with every kind of evil, caring for nothing but how they might
fulfill their agreements with their creditors and themselves thereafter
be listed among the super-wealthy. They saw no peril and felt no shame
in this conduct; rather, they anticipated that the more they wrongfully
killed and plundered, the higher would be their reputation; for the name
of murderer and robber would prove the energy of their service.
However, as soon as he heard these officials had become adequately
wealthy, Justinian snared them with a fitting pretext, and straightway
seized their fortunes in one swoop.
He passed a law that candidates for offices must swear they would keep
themselves clean of all graft and never give or receive any bribe as
officials; and all the curses that were named by the ancients he invoked
on any who should violate this agreement. But the law was not over a
year old before he himself, disregarding its words and maledictions,
shamelessly put these offices up for sale; and not secretly, but in the
public Forum. And the buyers of the offices, breaking their oaths also,
plundered more than ever.
Later he contrived another unheard-of scheme. The offices which he
believed to be the most powerful in Constantinople and the other large
cities, he decided not to sell any longer as he had been doing, but put
them in the hands of picked men on a fixed salary, who were commanded to
turn over all revenues to himself. And these men, after receiving their
pay, worked fearlessly and carried off everything on earth, going
around tin the name of their office to rob the subjects. . The Emperor
was always very careful to choose for his agents men who were truly of
all people the worst scoundrels; and he had no trouble finding those who
were bad enough. When, indeed he appointed the first rascals to office,
and their power brought to light their corruption, we were astonished
that nature had produced such evil in human form. But when the
successors to these offices later went far beyond the first occupants in
villainy, men were at a loss to see how their predecessors could have
been thought to be wicked, since in comparison to the new officials the
former had - And the third been noble gentlemen in their actions set,
and those who followed them, out-Heroded the second lot in every kind of
depravity; and by their ingenuity in inventing new methods of bringing
false charges, gave all their predecessors the name of being virtuous
and honest. As the evil progressed, it was eventually demonstrated that
the wickedness of man has no natural limit, but when it feeds on the
experience of the past, and is given the opportunity to mistreat its
victims, it is encouraged to such a degree that only those who are
oppressed by it can measure it. And thus were the Romans treated by
their magistrates.
After armies of the hostile Huns had several times enslaved and
plundered inhabitants of the Roman Empire, the Thracian and Illyrian
generals planned to attack them on their retreat, but gave up the idea
when they were shown letters from the Emperor Justinian forbidding them
to attack the barbarians on the ground that alliance with them was
necessary to the Romans against the Goths, forsooth, or some other foe.
And after this, these barbarians ravaged the country as if they were the
foe, and enslaved the Romans there; and, laden with booty and captives,
these friends and allies of the Romans returned to their homes. Often
some of the farmers of these regions, induced by longing for their
children and wives who had been carried off to slavery, formed into
bands and attacked the Huns, kill' capturing their horses ladening many,
and with spoils; but the consequence of their success was unfortunate.
For agents were sent from Constantinople to beat and torture them and
seize their property, until they had given up all the horses they had
taken from the barbarians.
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